Using this method, described in the journal Advanced Science, the scientists were able to trace the stages of the disease. As soon as decay begins, the tooth reacts: it increases its blood supply under the attacked area, as if trying to defend itself. Then, new nerve endings develop, explaining the appearance of pain. At the same time, the tooth activates its repair cells in an attempt to regenerate the damaged tissue.
But if decay progresses too far, vessels and nerves are damaged. The living tissue at the center of the tooth - the pulp - becomes inflamed and fibrotic: this is known as irreversible pulpitis. At this stage, the tooth loses its ability to regenerate, and the dentist will either devitalize the pulp or extract the tooth, both of which kill the tooth.
Towards dental care that preserves tooth vitality
This study shows that the mechanisms observed in a diseased tooth resemble those of other human diseases, particularly in the way cells repair and then become exhausted. Rather than systematically removing the pulp, we could seek to preserve and regenerate it. This would make it possible to avoid tooth extraction and the costly treatment that follows.Finally, the researchers suggest that the tooth could become a valuable model for studying other diseases of the human body, as it contains living tissue that is easily accessible during extractions, and could be used by doctors and researchers for diagnostic purposes.